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Aeration of water during wastewater treatment primarily serves to remove or promote the reduction of two main components:

1. Organic Matter: Aeration is used to promote the biological oxidation of organic matter in wastewater. By adding oxygen to the water, microorganisms can thrive and break down the organic pollutants. This process is an essential part of secondary treatment in wastewater treatment plants. It helps to reduce the levels of organic contaminants, making the water cleaner and less harmful to the environment.
2. Nutrients (such as Ammonia and Nitrogen): Aeration also assists in the removal of certain nutrients, like ammonia and nitrogen compounds, from wastewater. Through the process of nitrification, ammonia is converted into nitrate, and denitrification further reduces nitrate to nitrogen gas. Both of these processes are oxygen-dependent and play a crucial role in reducing nutrient levels, which, in excess, can cause water quality problems in receiving bodies of water.

Aeration is a critical step in wastewater treatment that enhances the effectiveness of biological treatment processes and helps to improve the quality of the treated water before it is discharged into the environment.